Ham Amateur Radio Technician Practice Exam

How is a directional antenna pointed when making a "long-path" contact with another station?

1. In the direction of the sun

2. 180 degrees from the station's short-path heading

3. Directly towards the station's last known direction

4. Randomly to test signal strength

The correct answer is: 180 degrees from the station's short-path heading

When making a "long-path" contact with another station, the directional antenna is pointed 180 degrees from the station's short-path heading. This technique is based on understanding the Earth's curvature and the ionosphere's role in radio wave propagation. In radio communications, the "short-path" heading is the most direct route between two stations, while the "long-path" heading is the exact opposite, traversing the largest distance around the Earth. By aiming the antenna 180 degrees from the short-path heading, operators can effectively receive signals that may travel around the Earth in the opposite direction. This is particularly useful during specific conditions when signals can reflect off the ionosphere, allowing for long-distance communication. The other options do not provide the correct methodology for establishing long-path contacts. Pointing in the direction of the sun does not take into account the location of the other station. Aiming directly towards the last known direction may not align with the optimal long-path heading, as it could be the short-path heading instead. Randomly testing signal strength lacks a systematic approach, which is essential for successful long-path communications. Thus, the practice of aiming the antenna opposite the short-path ensures the best chance of establishing a successful long-distance contact.