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Which of the following describes the function of a two-input AND gate?

  1. Output is high when either input is high

  2. Output is high only when both inputs are high

  3. Output is always low

  4. Output varies based on the voltage

The correct answer is: Output is high only when both inputs are high

A two-input AND gate is a fundamental digital logic gate that has a specific function based on its input conditions. The correct answer highlights that the output of the AND gate is high only when both inputs are high. This means that for the gate to output a high (or logical 1) signal, it requires an active (high) signal from both of its inputs. If either one or both of the inputs are low (or logical 0), the output will be low (or logical 0). This behavior is essential in digital circuits where the AND operation is utilized in various applications, such as in arithmetic operations and decision-making processes within digital systems. The distinct characteristic of an AND gate ensures that it facilitates the output to reflect the logical conjunction of its inputs, thereby making it a critical component in constructing more complex logical expressions and circuits.